Summer weather brings out the mosquitoes and with them comes the increased potential for horses to contract West Nile Virus.
First documented in the United States in October 1999, West Nile Virus is an arbovirus that's transmitted by mosquitoes. It typically affects birds, horses and humans, but any type of mammal is susceptible. West Nile Virus is generally spread when an infected bird, such as a crow or blue
jay, is bitten by a mosquito. When that mosquito bites horses, humans or other mammals, they can come down with the virus. It's not spread by person-to-person contact.
Some of the neurologic signs present in horses that have contracted West Nile Virus include loss of coordination, stumbling, muscle tremors and even death. There is no reason to destroy a horse that has been infected with the virus. Many horses have recovered from it.
There is no treatment for West Nile Virus, other than standard, veterinary practices used on animals infected with any other virus. However, there is a vaccine available that may help prevent the virus that must be given by a veterinarian. The initial vaccine is a two shot series
given three to six weeks apart. Both injections must be given to provide protection from West Nile Virus. Maximum protection occurs four weeks after the second shot. Foals may be vaccinated at 12 weeks of age and require a second dose three weeks later. If foals are vaccinated prior to 12 weeks of age, a three dose series is recommended.
Another way to help prevent West Nile Virus is to control mosquitoes. This can be done by eliminating standing water, decreasing exposure and using repellents and insecticides. To help prevent mosquitoes from affecting horses, avoid turning on lights in the stable during evening and overnight. Place incandescent bulbs at the perimeter of the stable to pull mosquitoes out of the barn. Remove all birds, including chickens, that are close to the stable.
Dave Varner is an Extension Educator with the University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension office in Dodge County. Dave may be contacted at 727-2775, 1206 West 23rd Street in Fremont, or at dvarner1@unl.edu
